Thunder Rumors

Northwest Notes: SGA, Williams, Adelman, Randle

All-NBA Thunder point guard Shai Gilgeous-Alexander has taken responsibility for his underwhelming play in an overtime Game 3 road loss to the Nuggets, per Tim MacMahon of ESPN.

The 6’6″ pro, the presumptive 2025 MVP, scored an inefficient 18 points while shooting just 7-of-22 from the field and didn’t attempt a shot during the overtime frame. All-Star Oklahoma City forward Jalen Williams scored a career playoff-best 32 points.

“The game gets slower, execution matters more,” Gilgeous-Alexander said. “In those moments when the game slows down, it usually comes down to your best players making shots and making plays. I didn’t do a good enough job of that tonight, and I think that’s the main reason for the outcome.”

Nuggets stars Jamal Murray, Aaron Gordon and Michael Porter Jr. all made up for MVP center Nikola Jokic‘s similarly inefficient night. Each member of that triumvirate scored at least 21 points, with Murray’s 27 leading the way.

There’s more out of the Northwest Division:

  • The ascent of Williams as a true offensive release valve for Gilgeous-Alexander is a testament to the Thunder‘s patient team-building, asserts Rylan Stiles of Thunder On SI. Despite winning 68 games during the regular season, the Thunder have struggled mightily against Denver, and currently trail the Nuggets 2-1 in their conference semifinal series, with Game 4 ongoing. The team’s young core may need more time to jell together in the postseason to really do the kind of damage it may eventually be capable of. Still, Williams has developed a steadier hand as a scorer. The third-year forward is averaging 22.6 points, 5.3 assists, 5.0 rebounds, 1.1 steals and 0.9 blocks per night across seven playoff contests so far.
  • Just two years removed from their first-ever title as a franchise, the seasoned Nuggets seem to be capitalizing on a playoff experience edge over most of the Thunder’s young core, observes Bennett Durando of The Denver Post (subscription required). Interim Denver coach David Adelman reflected on Oklahoma City’s relative inexperience in the postseason. “We were young once, and we handled it pretty well,” Adelman said. “And they do, too. That’s why they won so many games. The reason they haven’t played a lot of close games is they have completely blown the doors off people the whole season. If I was coaching a team, I would rather do that than play 55 four-point games.” As Durando notes, the Thunder logged the best point differential in league history this past regular season — but thanks in part to that, the team notched a scant 66 “clutch” minutes, the least in a season for any team in the 21st century.
  • The Timberwolves rode a 24-point, 12-assist, 10-rebound triple-double from Julius Randle to carve out a 102-97 Game 3 victory and a 2-1 series edge over Golden State, writes Dave McMenamin of ESPN. “I feel like I just got a lot of different tools, you know what I mean?” Randle said. “It’s really about using my mind and taking what the defense gives me. If they don’t double-team me, score. If they double-team me, find my guys.”

Thunder Notes: SGA, Holmgren, Defense, Caruso

After blowing a late lead in Game 1 of their second-round series vs. Denver, the Thunder became the first team to win at home in any of the conference semifinals on Wednesday. As Tim MacMahon of ESPN writes, Oklahoma City dominated Game 2 from start to finish, setting a franchise record for points in a playoff game en route to a 149-106 win. Their 48-point lead after three quarters was the fourth-largest margin entering the fourth quarter in NBA playoff history, MacMahon adds.

As detailed by both MacMahon and Darnell Mayberry of The Athletic, Shai Gilgeous-Alexander set the tone for the Thunder and has found his groove after getting off to a slow start in the postseason. The MVP frontrunner made just 35.3% of his field goal attempts in his first three games against Memphis, but has knocked down 57.1% since then, averaging 35.0 points per game over his last three outings.

On Wednesday, Gilgeous-Alexander scored 34 points in just 30 minutes, converting 11-of-13 field goals and registering a staggering +51 plus/minus mark. He told reporters after the victory that his team knew what was at stake and “came out desperate” to open Game 2, but he added that he otherwise hasn’t changed his approach in recent games.

“I feel the exact same,” the Thunder star said. “I feel like I’m getting to where I want to go. I don’t worry about makes and misses. It’s all about the process for me. I try to put myself and my teammates in the best position I can every possession down offensively and defensively. And wherever that takes me, wherever that takes our team, I’m happy with as long as I make the right decisions night in and night out, play in and play out. That’s what I’m focused on more than the makes and misses. So I feel just as confident as I did those two games where I couldn’t make anything.”

Gilgeous-Alexander also downplayed the notion that winning by 43 points on Wednesday gives the Thunder the momentum or the upper hand as the series shifts to Denver.

“Winning by a hundred or winning by two, it’s still 1-1, and I think that’s very important,” he said. “Like I said, especially in the series, every game’s going to look different. People are going to make adjustments. It’s going to be a different crowd, a different feel. You’re going to start hot; you’re going to start cold, everything’s going to look different. It’s important to turn the page.”

Here’s more on the Thunder:

  • Big man Chet Holmgren missed two late free throws in Game 1 that opened the door for Aaron Gordon‘s game-winning shot. After bouncing back in Game 2 with 15 points, 11 rebounds, and a +34 mark in 26 minutes, Holmgren explained that recovering from a pair of major injuries since he entered the NBA has helped give him the right mindset and perspective to deal with that sort of on-court adversity, per Rylan Stiles of SI.com. “I had five screws and a plate put in my foot, shattered my hip in basically six places,” he said. “I was thinking about it. I was like, if I could pick one of those three, missing a couple free throws is the least of your worries. Obviously, it hurts knowing what was on the line. Playoff game, you never want to lose. But, you also can’t be afraid to fail, I guess.”
  • Responding to Gordon’s gripes about how Nuggets star Nikola Jokic is being officiated so far in the series, Holmgren said on Friday that he believes both teams are getting a fair whistle (Twitter video link via Joel Lorenzi of The Oklahoman). “I feel like when we’ve fouled, we’ve been called for fouls. When they foul, they’ve been called for fouls,” he said. “… I feel like it’s a physical game of basketball. That’s what the playoffs is. We just have to come out and be ready for that.”
  • While the Thunder racked up 149 points in their Game 2 win over Denver, it’s their smothering defense that has become their calling card, according to Tim MacMahon of ESPN, who spoke to several of Oklahoma City players about how the defense became the NBA’s top-ranked unit. Alex Caruso referred to OKC’s defense as its “superpower,” while Isaiah Hartenstein noted that the team “doesn’t really have a weak link” on that end of the court. Caruso also pointed out that the Thunder’s defensive success is fueled to some extent by the competitiveness of their individual defenders. “We haven’t said it out loud, but iron sharpens iron,” he told ESPN. “You see somebody competing at a certain level, playing at a certain level, you have no choice but to match that. And if you don’t, you get left behind.”

And-Ones: Vezenkov, Metu, Bad Contracts, Front Offices, More

Former NBA forward Sasha Vezenkov, who spent the 2023/24 season with the Kings, is enjoying a hugely successful return to Europe this season. Vezenkov finished as the runner-up in EuroLeague MVP voting after averaging 20.2 points per game for Olympiacos and has now been named the EuroLeague Playoffs MVP for his performance in the Greek team’s quarterfinal series vs. Real Madrid, according to a press release.

It’s the first time the EuroLeague has named a Playoffs MVP — the award doesn’t encompass the league’s Final Four, which will be played later this month. Vezenkov, who gave up a fully guaranteed $6.7MM salary with the Raptors last summer in order to head back overseas, will be looking to lead Olympiacos to a win over AS Monaco on May 23 in the semifinals and – ultimately – to a EuroLeague championship.

In other European basketball news, Barcelona is parting ways with former NBA big man Chimezie Metu, who tore his Achilles in March, per a Mundo Deportivo report (hat tip to Sportando).

After appearing in 260 regular season games for four NBA teams from 2018-24, Metu played a key role for Barça this season prior to the injury, averaging 11.0 points and 4.8 rebounds in 20.0 minutes per game across 24 EuroLeague outings.

Here are more odds and ends from around the basketball world:

  • Eric Pincus of Bleacher Report identifies five star players he believes have negative trade value due to their massive contracts, including a pair of Sixers (Joel Embiid and Paul George) and Nuggets guard Jamal Murray. Interestingly, Pincus gives Jazz forward Lauri Markkanen an honorable mention, noting that one Eastern Conference executive referred to Markkanen’s deal (four years, $196MM) as the worst in the league. That’s “probably hyperbolic,” Pincus writes, though he notes that several teams view the contract as a major overpay.
  • In an article open to non-subscribers, Yossi Gozlan of The Third Apron (Substack link) hands out his front office awards – the “Yossis” – for the 2024/25 NBA season. Gozlan recognizes the Thunder for their overall salary cap management, the Knicks for their creative cap machinations in the Karl-Anthony Towns trade, and the Hawks for most improving their long-term outlook over the past year, while also handing out a few other awards.
  • Even before home teams opened the second round by losing their first six games, the impact of home-court advantage in the NBA playoffs was on the decline, writes Mike Vorkunov of The Athletic. According to Vorkunov, home teams won at least 60 percent of their games in 56 of the NBA’s first 78 postseasons, but that hasn’t happened since 2018 — and home teams have lost 10 of 15 Game Sevens since 2021. So far this spring, teams have a home record of just 26-24 in the playoffs.

Northwest Notes: Gordon, Nuggets, Holmgren, Hardy

Nikola Jokic is the Nuggets‘ most valuable player and Jamal Murray is the guy the team is most likely to turn to when it needs a big late-game basket. But Aaron Gordon has earned the nickname “Mr. Nugget” and become one of the most popular players in Denver, writes Tony Jones of The Athletic.

After Gordon made his second game-winning shot of the postseason on Monday against Oklahoma City, interim head coach David Adelman referred to the veteran forward as the “soul” of the team, as did Jokic, according to Bennett Durando of The Denver Post (subscription required).

“He probably doesn’t get as much respect as he deserves,” Jokic said after Denver’s upset victory in Game 1. “But I think he doesn’t need it.”

“He is a Denver Nugget, man,” Adelman said. “He’s a hero again. But I’m looking at the 14 rebounds. I’m looking at the 22 points. I’m looking at the two free throws he made before the (game-winning) three-pointer. I’m looking at the defense he played and the leadership he showed. It’s just really cool to see him have two (playoff) moments that nobody will ever forget.”

As Durando writes in a separate Denver Post story, Gordon’s postseason contributions are all the more impressive due to the fact that he’s risking re-injury after right calf strains cost him 31 regular season games. He has played through soreness in that calf for much of the season, including in the playoffs, per Durando. According to Adelman, the Nuggets likely would’ve been resting Gordon down the stretch if the club hadn’t been fighting for playoff position all the way up to game 82.

“He’s taking a chance every time he explodes and jumps,” Adelman said ahead of Denver’s second-round series. “We know what he’s doing for our team. We know that there’s a risk there.”

We have more from around the Northwest:

  • According to Sam Amick of The Athletic, there’s a sense in Denver that the club’s unexpected late-season organizational changes – firing head coach Michael Malone and general manager Calvin Booth – have been a motivating factor for the Nuggets, who are determined to prove they’re not a team in disarray. “I think with (Adelman) at the helm now, people think we’re a wounded animal,” backup center DeAndre Jordan told Amick. “We let go of our coach and our general manager with three games left in the season. I mean, if I were on another team, I would think the same thing, too. But I think this has been a great thing for us to bond together. We’ve become stronger and more resilient.”
  • It was a tough Game 1 for Chet Holmgren on Monday vs. Denver. The Thunder big man got into foul trouble, missed two late free throws that would’ve put the team up by three points, and was a -14 in his 28 minutes. However, his teammates have full confidence in the 23-year-old’s ability to quickly put that performance behind him, according to Darnell Mayberry of The Athletic. “He’s in there for a reason,” guard Alex Caruso said. “He was in there in Game 3 (of the first round) when he had 25 (points) in the second half when we had the comeback against Memphis. And he was in there late in the game in Game 4 against Memphis to close out that series. We trust him. We believe in him. There’s a reason that (head coach) Mark (Daigneault) puts him out there, and I felt confident when he caught the ball to go shoot the free throws.”
  • The contract extension that Will Hardy signed with the Jazz earlier this week was in the works for almost a year, according to Tony Jones of The Athletic, who says the organization is very pleased with the way that Hardy has been able to develop young players like Walker Kessler, help Lauri Markkanen become an All-Star caliber player, and handle veterans who have had to spend multiple years on a losing team.

Northwest Notes: Randle, Thunder, SGA, Blazers

Julius Randle missed over a month during the regular season due to a groin injury. The Timberwolves big man used that time to reevaluate how he could best impact his new teammates, he told Marc Spears of Andscape.

“When I got injured those few weeks, I was able to see what the team needed, kind of see better how things are done and how I can best help us win games,” Randle said. “So, usually when I get injured, I try to come back better than I was before and really that was my focus. It was just learning the teammates, learning the system, adjusting, learning how I can best help the team.”

Randle delivered in a big way during their first-round series against the Lakers, posting averages of 22.6 points, 5.2 rebounds and 4.4 assists per game.

We have more from the Northwest Division:

  • The Thunder played just 24 games this regular season decided in clutch time, Joe Mussatto of The Oklahoman notes. That may have caught up to them in Game 1 of their second-round series against Denver, as they squandered a late nine-point lead. “We’ve usually been able to execute pretty well on both ends and slam the door on those games,” coach Mark Daigneault said. “We didn’t do that last night.”
  • Franchise player Shai Gilgeous-Alexander is eager to see how his Thunder teammates will respond in Game 2 on Wednesday. “It should be fun,” Gilgeous-Alexander said, per Tim MacMahon of ESPN. “We’re going to find out what we’re made of, what we’re really made of. Nobody expected it to be smooth sailing this whole journey. No journey in life is, and we know that. Today’s a bump in the road — unexpected. No one expects to lose, especially that way, but it’s the game of life. So it’s about how you respond to getting knocked down.”
  • The Trail Blazers held a pre-draft workout on Tuesday that included Devon Pryor (Oregon), Rueben Chinyelu (Florida), Ben Henshall (Perth Wildcats), Dink Pate (Mexico City Capitanes), John Blackwell (Wisconsin) and Lachlan Olbrich (Illawarra Hawks), Aaron Fentress of The Oregonian tweets. Pate (No. 55) and Henshall (64) are the highest-rated prospects among that group, according to ESPN’s Best Available list.

Thunder’s Sam Presti Named Executive Of The Year

Sam Presti, the Thunder‘s executive vice president of basketball operations and general manager, has been named the NBA’s Executive of the Year for 2024/25, the league announced today (via Twitter). It’s the first time that Presti, who has run the Thunder’s front office since 2007, has earned the honor.

Presti, who built the Thunder around a young core led by Shai Gilgeous-Alexander, Chet Holmgren, and Jalen Williams, made two notable moves last offseason to fortify the roster. He traded Josh Giddey to the Bulls in exchange for defensive standout Alex Caruso and signed big man Isaiah Hartenstein away from the Knicks in free agency.

Despite some injury woes that prevented Hartenstein and Holmgren from suiting up together until after the trade deadline, the Thunder dominated the NBA’s regular season in 2024/25, racking up a league-high 68 wins and recording a net rating of +12.7, one of the best marks in league history.

Oklahoma City ranked third in the NBA in offensive rating (119.2) and led the league in defensive rating (106.6) by a comfortable margin.

The Thunder, viewed as the heavy favorites to come out of the West this spring, remain well positioned to contend for years to come due not only to the talent already under contract but to their collection of future draft picks.

The Executive of the Year award is voted on by fellow team executives rather than by media members.

According to the NBA, Presti received 10 of 30 possible first-place votes and showed up on 22 ballots overall, earning 74 total points. He narrowly beat out Koby Altman of the Cavaliers (six first-place votes; 58 points) and Trajan Langdon of the Pistons (six first-place votes; 52 points), with Rafael Stone of the Rockets (four first-place votes; 38 points) coming in fourth.

A total of 13 executives showed up on at least one ballot, with Lawrence Frank (Clippers), Rob Pelinka (Lakers), Sean Marks (Nets), and Brad Stevens (Celtics) earning the remaining first-place votes. The full results can be viewed here (Twitter link).

Community Shootaround: Are NBA’s Top Seeds In Trouble?

The second round of the 2025 NBA playoffs are off to an unexpected start, with the league’s top three regular season teams all dropping the first game of their respective series.

The 64-win Cavaliers, the No. 1 seed in the Eastern Conference, fell to the Pacers on Sunday, and the No. 2 Celtics followed suit on Monday by losing to the Knicks. In Monday’s late game, the Thunder, who led the league with 68 regular season wins and dominated Memphis in round one, blew a late-game lead to the Nuggets and lost Game 1.

None of the three games were one-sided. The Pacers and Cavaliers were neck-and-neck through three-and-a-half quarters before Indiana pulled away late in the game; the Knicks required overtime to sneak past the Celtics; and the Thunder fell to the Nuggets on an Aaron Gordon three-pointer in the game’s final seconds.

It’s also worth noting that the Pacers are unlikely to make nearly 53% of their three-point tries (19-of-36) on a regular basis, as they did in Game 1. The Celtics probably aren’t going to miss 45 three-point attempts (they went 15-of-60) very often. And the Thunder could have easily won Game 1 if not for some questionable fouling decisions in crunch time.

In other words, the higher seeds may have no reason to panic — it’s not as if their opponents found glaring weaknesses that can be exploited for the rest of the series. Still, the margin for error in a competitive matchup can be slim, and the fact that those three higher seeds have all given up home-court advantage already could come back to haunt them later in the series.

Of the three teams who trail 1-0 in their respective series, the Cavaliers appear to be in the most danger due in large part to their injury situation. Darius Garland has been out since Game 2 of the first round due to a toe injury and is considered questionable to play in Game 2 vs. Indiana. Evan Mobley (ankle) and De’Andre Hunter (thumb) have joined him on the injury report with the same questionable designation after suffering injuries in Game 1.

Still, oddsmakers don’t appear overly concerned about the top seeds just yet. Despite the fact that they’re trailing in their series, the Cavaliers (-230), Thunder (-325), and Celtics (-355) are listed as solid favorites to advance by BetOnline.ag at the time of this writing. By comparison, the Timberwolves are just a -200 favorite against the lower-seeded Warriors despite that series not yet getting underway.

We want to know what you think. Do you still expect the Cavaliers, Celtics, and Thunder to make it through to the conference finals, or have the Game 1 results of any of those three series made you more inclined to pick an underdog to advance?

Head to the comment section below to weigh in with your thoughts.

Northwest Notes: Jokic, Gilgeous-Alexander, Gobert, Bradds

The NuggetsThunder second-round series features a clash between the top two contenders for the Most Valuable Player award, Denver big man Nikola Jokic and Oklahoma City guard Shai Gilgeous-Alexander. But it would be a stretch to call it a showdown, according to Jokic, since they play different positions.

“He’s a very different player,” Jokic said, per Ramona Shelburne of ESPN. “He’s playing on so many levels, speed, as a scorer. Everything looks so easy for him. Even when you are like, ‘Oh, that’s a good defense.’ It feels so easy for him and he’s amazing with a change of speed, change of rhythm, ball-handling. He can post up guys, he can go by guys, his shooting at the mid-range is unguardable basically. He’s a very special player.”

OKC coach Mark Daigneault feels neither player will care to make an individual point in the series.

“I know Shai a lot better than I know Jokic,” Daigneault said. “But I think I know enough to know that neither one of them are going to get distracted by that. Both of them are going to be fully invested in the series. It’s a supplement to the series. But it’s really, it’s not part of the series at all.”

We have more from the Northwest Division:

  • It’s important for SGA to be well-liked by his teammates and peers beyond just being a superstar player, Jenni Carlson of The Oklahoman writes. “He wants to be one of the greats,” Daigneault said. “He also wants to be one of the guys.”
  • Minnesota center Rudy Gobert posted 27 points and 24 rebounds against the Lakers in the deciding Game 5 of the series. The Timberwolves big man became the first player with at least 25 points and 20 boards in a series-clinching win on the road since Shaquille O’Neal achieved that for the Heat against the Bulls in 2006, Jon Krawczynski of The Athletic relays. “That’s the Rudy that can win you championships,” guard Mike Conley said. “When you have that type of mentality to go get every rebound, go get every block, defend every guy at the rim, we needed that. He came at the biggest moment of our season.”
  • Will Hardy received a contract extension on Monday but the Jazz will need to replace at least one of his assistants. Assistant coach Evan Bradds has left the organization to join Duke’s staff, according to the school’s basketball social media account (Twitter link).

And-Ones: Award Announcements, Draft Assets, Fournier, NBC Theme Song

The NBA will announce the Coach of the Year award winner on Monday evening, the league’s PR department tweets.

Kenny Atkinson (Cavaliers), J.B. Bickerstaff (Pistons) and Ime Udoka (Rockets) are the three finalists. Atkinson, who led Cleveland to the best record in the East, is considered a heavy favorite to win the award.

The Executive of the Year award will be announced on Tuesday and the Social Justice Champion will be revealed on Wednesday.

We have more from around the basketball world:

  • Not surprisingly, the Thunder are ranked No. 1 in the league in terms of draft assets by ESPN’s Bobby Marks and Jeremy Woo. They could potentially have three first-rounders in this year’s draft. They have six extra first-rounders in future years, plus swap rights to three years. They also own 17 future second-rounders. The Nets, Jazz, Rockets and Hornets round out the top five.
  • Evan Fournier, who is currently looking to win a EuroLeague championship with Olympiacos in Greece, spoke about a handful of topics, including his disappointing experience with the Knicks, in an interview with Donatas Urbonas of BasketNews.com (subscription required). Fournier played two-and-a-half seasons in New York and finished last season with the Pistons.
  • “Roundball Rock” is back. NBC will bring back the sports theme song next season when the network begins its 11-year media rights deal to air NBA games. Music composer and radio and TV personality John Tesh wrote “Roundball Rock,” which became popular during NBC’s coverage of the league from 1990-2002, according to Jenna West of The Athletic.

Daryl Morey Doesn’t Regret Trade That Might Cost Sixers Their First-Round Pick

The Sixers are at risk of losing their first-round pick in this year’s draft, but president of basketball operations Daryl Morey doesn’t regret including it in a 2020 trade with Oklahoma City, according to Keith Pompey of The Philadelphia Inquirer.

In the six-player draft-day deal, Morey agreed to send the pick — with top-six protection — to the Thunder as an incentive for taking Al Horford‘s contract. The package he got in return included shooting guard Danny Green, who had two productive years in Philadelphia.

“First off, I feel very good about that trade because it put us in a great spot,” Morey told Pompey. “It was before coach [Nick Nurse] was here, but we were the one-seed going into the playoffs. Usually, that gives you a 40-50% chance to make the finals. So I feel good that we got good value out of that trade. Danny Green was great for us. Seth Curry was [acquired in] a different trade. But anyway, I feel good about that.”

Morey never imagined at the time that the pick would be so valuable five years later. But with the Sixers coming off an injury-filled 24-win season, they desperately need to keep it to add some young talent to their roster.

Philadelphia will have the fifth-best odds heading into the May 12 lottery, creating a 10.5% chance at landing the No. 1 pick and a 42.1% chance of moving into the top four. However, if two or more teams pass them in the lottery, the Sixers will be left empty-handed and OKC will get the pick to add another prospect to its loaded roster. There’s a 36% chance of that happening.

[RELATED: 2025 NBA Draft Lottery Odds]

If the pick doesn’t convey this year, Philadelphia will owe its 2026 first-rounder to the Thunder with top-four protection. It will be top-four protected again in 2027, and Oklahoma City will receive a second-rounder instead if it still doesn’t convey that year.

Pompey points out that the Sixers have few options to improve their roster this summer outside of the draft because of massive contracts for Joel Embiid and Paul George that would be difficult to move because they’re both coming off injury-plagued seasons.

Pompey adds that the Horford deal was understandable at the time because he had just completed a disappointing first season after signing a four-year, $97MM contract in free agency. He proved to be an awkward fit at power forward alongside Embiid and eventually became a very expensive backup center.

Morey also notes that teams are becoming less willing to trade away future first-rounders, but he believes it made sense to send the team’s 2026 pick to Washington in a February deal that brought back Jared Butler and four second-rounders. In a separate trade, he reacquired the Sixers’ second-round pick for this year from Dallas, along with Quentin Grimes, who turned into a late-season surprise.

“That’s going to be a tool for us,” Morey said of the 35th overall pick. “We have 64% odds to have a top pick in this draft. That’ll be another tool. If you look at teams that make aggressive moves like us and then have a rough season, most of the time those teams have, like, no draft picks. We have above-average draft picks going forward to improve the team for next season. We have a whole set of younger players … a lot of tools in our arsenal to upgrade the team, whereas most teams that go into the season with the third-best title odds like we did and have a rough year, [they] don’t have much maneuverability. We feel like we have a lot of maneuverability with our assets going forward and the young players Coach (Nurse) developed.”